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Deploying Application Services in Kubernetes, Part 1

Deploying Application Services in Kubernetes, Part 1

If we’ve observed just one change that has come with the growth of Kubernetes and cloud‑native architectures, it’s that DevOps teams and application owners are taking more direct control over how their applications are deployed, managed, and delivered.

Modern applications benefit from an increasingly sophisticated set of supporting “application services” to ensure their successful operation in production. The separation between the application and its supporting services has become blurred, and DevOps engineers are discovering that they need to influence or own these services.

Let’s look at a couple of specific examples:

These examples each relate to what we refer to as “application services” – capabilities that are not part of an application’s functional requirements but are necessary to ensure its successful operation. They can include caching, load balancing, authentication, WAF, and denial-of-service measures, to provide scale, performance acceleration, or security.

NetOps and DevOps Both Have an Interest in Application Services

The rise of DevOps in no way takes away from the role of NetOps teams, who still have responsibility for the operation of the entire platform and its required application services. NetOps’s need to control these global‑scale services is still vital. In fact, where both NetOps and DevOps have an interest in an application service such as ADC or WAF, we often see duplication of that service. This is not an inefficiency, but rather reflects the differing needs and goals of the parties as they each make use of that service:

Paradoxically, Sometimes Duplication Leads to Operational Efficiency

Why is duplication of functionality not an inefficiency? Simply put, because both NetOps and DevOps need to make use of certain functionality but have very different goals, metrics, and ways of operating. We have seen countless examples of how expecting DevOps and NetOps to share a common ADC (for example) creates conflict and its own types of inefficiencies.

NetOps and Operations teams care most about the global services that tend to be located at the front door of the infrastructure, closer to customers. DevOps and Applications teams care most about the application‑specific services that are deployed closer to the application code. Their interests often overlap at the middle.

You can create operational efficiency by providing the right tools for each team according to its needs. For example, F5’s BIG‑IP ADC infrastructure meets the needs of NetOps very effectively, having been refined to that purpose over many years of product development. NGINX’s software ADC meets the needs of DevOps users very well, as a software form factor that is easily deployed and automated through CI/CD pipelines.

The careful placement of ownership and responsibility for each application service is at the heart of building operational efficiency. For example, when you deploy two tiers of ADC or load balancer:

Locating ADC capabilities in two places – at the front door of the infrastructure and close to the application – allows for the specialization and control that improves the efficiency of how you deploy and operate the services your business depends on.

Kubernetes Highlights the Need to Intelligently Locate Application Services

Enterprises are adopting Kubernetes at breakneck speed as part of a DevOps‑centric digital transformation initiative. Kubernetes provides DevOps engineers with an application platform that is easily automatable, offers a consistent runtime, and is highly scalable.

Many of the application services that traditionally sit at the front door of the data center can be deployed or automated from Kubernetes. This further highlights the involvement that DevOps teams have in managing the operation of their applications in production, and it introduces more options when you consider how and where vital application services are to be deployed.

In the second article in this series, we’ll look at some well‑established practices for deploying services such as WAF for applications that are running in Kubernetes. We’ll consider the trade‑offs between different options, and the criteria that matter most to help you make the best decisions.

Want to try the NGINX Plus Ingress Controller as a load balancer in your Kubernetes environment, along with NGINX App Protect to secure your applications? Start your free 30-day trial today or contact us to discuss your use cases.

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Source: Deploying Application Services in Kubernetes, Part 1

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